/home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning:
Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations.
Model Cards provide a framework for transparent, responsible reporting.
Use the vetiver `.qmd` Quarto template as a place to start,
with vetiver.model_card()
Writing pin:
Name: 'wd-svm'
Version: 20251122T160025Z-1869e
SVM
Before moving forward with the to-do list, let’s throw a Random Forest to it.
SVM
For many reasons, Random Forest is usually a very good baseline model. In this particular case I started with the polynomial OLS as baseline model, just because it was so evident from the correlations that the relationship between temperature and consumption follows a polynomial shape. But let’s go back to a beloved RF.
⏩ stepit 'svm_raw': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.assess_model()` 2025-11-22 16:00:26 /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. ⏩ stepit 'get_single_split_metrics': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.get_single_split_metrics()` 2025-11-22 16:00:26 ✅ stepit 'get_single_split_metrics': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 0.0 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 1.0 KB] `strom.modelling.get_single_split_metrics()` 2025-11-22 16:00:26 ⏩ stepit 'cross_validate_pipe': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.cross_validate_pipe()` 2025-11-22 16:00:26 [Parallel(n_jobs=-1)]: Using backend LokyBackend with 4 concurrent workers. /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( [Parallel(n_jobs=-1)]: Done 5 out of 5 | elapsed: 2.1s finished ✅ stepit 'cross_validate_pipe': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 2.1 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 2.2 KB] `strom.modelling.cross_validate_pipe()` 2025-11-22 16:00:28 ✅ stepit 'svm_raw': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 2.2 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 14.7 KB] `strom.modelling.assess_model()` 2025-11-22 16:00:28
Metrics

| Single Split | CV | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| train | test | test | train | |
| MAE - Mean Absolute Error | 2.432282 | 2.419931 | 2.673258 | 3.329209 |
| MSE - Mean Squared Error | 18.289605 | 22.503780 | 24.400576 | 23.520673 |
| RMSE - Root Mean Squared Error | 4.276635 | 4.743815 | 3.990919 | 4.776235 |
| R2 - Coefficient of Determination | 0.805274 | 0.749650 | 0.301124 | 0.760764 |
| MAPE - Mean Absolute Percentage Error | 0.193486 | 0.200061 | 0.203410 | 0.343579 |
| EVS - Explained Variance Score | 0.824572 | 0.789548 | 0.611400 | 0.820277 |
| MeAE - Median Absolute Error | 1.566992 | 1.308510 | 1.987998 | 2.657292 |
| D2 - D2 Absolute Error Score | 0.648420 | 0.643352 | 0.214133 | 0.531369 |
| Pinball - Mean Pinball Loss | 1.216141 | 1.209965 | 1.336629 | 1.664605 |
Scatter plot matrix
Observed vs. Predicted and Residuals vs. Predicted
Check for …
check the residuals to assess the goodness of fit.
- white noise or is there a pattern?
- heteroscedasticity?
- non-linearity?
Normality of Residuals:
Check for …
- Are residuals normally distributed?




Leverage
Scale-Location plot


Residuals Autocorrelation Plot


Residuals vs Time
Well, not that bad, but it is overfitting quite a lot.
⏩ stepit 'grid_search_pipe': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.grid_search_pipe()` 2025-11-22 16:00:32 /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. ✅ stepit 'grid_search_pipe': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 0.8 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 28.9 KB] `strom.modelling.grid_search_pipe()` 2025-11-22 16:00:32 Model Cards provide a framework for transparent, responsible reporting. Use the vetiver `.qmd` Quarto template as a place to start, with vetiver.model_card() Writing pin: Name: 'wd-svm' Version: 20251122T160032Z-50658
⏩ stepit 'svm_tuned': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.assess_model()` 2025-11-22 16:00:32 /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. ⏩ stepit 'get_single_split_metrics': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.get_single_split_metrics()` 2025-11-22 16:00:32 ✅ stepit 'get_single_split_metrics': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 0.0 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 1.0 KB] `strom.modelling.get_single_split_metrics()` 2025-11-22 16:00:32 ⏩ stepit 'cross_validate_pipe': Starting execution of `strom.modelling.cross_validate_pipe()` 2025-11-22 16:00:32 [Parallel(n_jobs=-1)]: Using backend LokyBackend with 4 concurrent workers. /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( /home/runner/work/strom/strom/.venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sklearn/svm/_base.py:1250: ConvergenceWarning: Liblinear failed to converge, increase the number of iterations. warnings.warn( [Parallel(n_jobs=-1)]: Done 5 out of 5 | elapsed: 0.1s finished ✅ stepit 'cross_validate_pipe': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 0.1 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 2.2 KB] `strom.modelling.cross_validate_pipe()` 2025-11-22 16:00:33 ✅ stepit 'svm_tuned': Successfully completed and cached [exec time 0.1 seconds, cache time 0.0 seconds, size 14.7 KB] `strom.modelling.assess_model()` 2025-11-22 16:00:33
Metrics

| Single Split | CV | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| train | test | test | train | |
| MAE - Mean Absolute Error | 2.247125 | 2.106274 | 2.047927 | 2.378226 |
| MSE - Mean Squared Error | 16.223860 | 19.443720 | 19.789512 | 16.932822 |
| RMSE - Root Mean Squared Error | 4.027885 | 4.409503 | 3.365674 | 4.111345 |
| R2 - Coefficient of Determination | 0.827268 | 0.783693 | 0.583568 | 0.826061 |
| MAPE - Mean Absolute Percentage Error | 0.184460 | 0.203015 | 0.152578 | 0.185927 |
| EVS - Explained Variance Score | 0.827974 | 0.791971 | 0.657677 | 0.827940 |
| MeAE - Median Absolute Error | 1.332851 | 1.088117 | 1.345858 | 1.470077 |
| D2 - D2 Absolute Error Score | 0.675184 | 0.689578 | 0.402628 | 0.663515 |
| Pinball - Mean Pinball Loss | 1.123562 | 1.053137 | 1.023964 | 1.189113 |
Scatter plot matrix
Observed vs. Predicted and Residuals vs. Predicted
Check for …
check the residuals to assess the goodness of fit.
- white noise or is there a pattern?
- heteroscedasticity?
- non-linearity?
Normality of Residuals:
Check for …
- Are residuals normally distributed?




Leverage
Scale-Location plot


Residuals Autocorrelation Plot

